divorce among older couples, often referred to as “gray divorce,” has become increasingly common in recent years. In Illinois, like many other states, this trend has significant legal, financial, and emotional implications. As couples over 50 decide to end their marriages, they encounter a set of considerations distinct from those faced by younger couples. Understanding these nuances is crucial for anyone going through a gray divorce in Illinois.
Financial Complexity
One of the primary concerns in gray divorce is the division of assets accumulated over what may have been decades of marriage. Illinois follows the principle of
equitable distribution, meaning that marital property is divided fairly, though
not necessarily equally between spouses. Determining what constitutes marital property (versus non-marital property) and how to equitably divide it can be complex, especially when retirement accounts, pensions, a marital residence, and other assets are involved.
Illinois law recognizes several factors when dividing marital property, including the duration of the marriage, each spouse’s contribution to the marital assets, and the economic circumstances of each spouse post-divorce. [Illinois statute 750 ILCS 5/503(d), sets out each of the relevant factors that a judge
shall consider when allocating the marital assets “in just proportions” between the parties in a divorce.] This is a different approach than the process followed in community property states, which automatically apply the 50/50 rule.
Spousal Support
In gray divorces, spousal support, also known as maintenance or alimony, may play a significant role, particularly if one spouse has been out of workforce for an extended period of time or has a significantly lower earning potential. This often occurs when one parent was the stay-at-home-parent whose role for much of the marriage was to care for the children. Illinois law provides guidelines for calculating maintenance based on factors such as the length of the marriage, each spouse’s income and earning capacity, and the standard of living during the marriage.
Unlike some states with strict formulas for calculating maintenance, Illinois law allows judges significant discretion in determining the amount and duration of support payments. This flexibility lets the courts tailor maintenance awards to specific circumstances of each case, taking into account factors such as the age and health of the parties involved.
Retirement Accounts and Benefits
Retirement assets, including pensions, 401(k) accounts, and Social Security benefits, are often among the most substantial assets in a gray divorce. Illinois law treats these assets as marital property subject to division even if only one spouse earned them during the marriage. Dividing retirement benefits requires careful consideration of possible tax implications, valuation methods and eligibility criteria. For example, dividing a 401(k) account will require obtaining a Qualified Domestic Relations Order (QDRO). This is a specific court order that directs the 401(k)-plan administrator on how to distribute the funds in that account between the divorcing spouses. Social Security benefits may also be divisible under certain circumstances, particularly if the marriage lasted 10 years or longer.
Health Insurance and Long-Term Care
Gray divorces often coincide with significant life changes, including retirement and changes in health insurance coverage. In Illinois, spouses may be eligible following divorce to stay on their former spouse’s health insurance plan under COBRA (Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act) for a limited period of time. However, finding alternative health insurance coverage, especially for older individuals who may have pre-existing conditions can be challenging and costly.
Long-term care planning is another important consideration in gray divorce, especially as spouses are advanced in age and may require assistance with healthcare or daily activities. Addressing these concerns during divorce negotiations can help ensure that both parties are adequately protected in their later years.
Emotional Considerations
While the legal and financial aspects of gray divorce are essential, the emotional impact should not be overlooked. Ending a long-term marriage can be particularly challenging for older adults who may be facing issues such as loneliness, grief, and uncertainty of the future. Having a support network in place consisting of family, friends and a therapist during a gray divorce can be invaluable during this time of transition.
From navigating complex financial arrangements to addressing emotional concerns, divorcing later in life requires a comprehensive approach that takes into account the specific circumstances of each case. By understanding the intricacies of gray divorce in Illinois and seeking appropriate guidance, individuals can manage this process with greater confidence and clarity.
Annette Corrigan is one of the highly experienced lawyers making up the Lavelle Law’s Family Law Team. If you, or someone you care about, is facing divorce, reach out today at 847-705-7555, and one of our divorce lawyers will be available for a complimentary and confidential consultation.
